Journal of College of Physical Education

The reality of confrontation efficiency and psychological barriers among young basketball players

2024-11-09T21:30:32+03:00

The research aims to identify the correlation between coping efficiency and psychological barriers among young basketball players. The possibility of developing predictive equations for coping efficiency in terms of psychological barriers among young basketball players. The descriptive approach was used using survey methods and correlational and predictive relationships. The research sample included young players in Basketball for the Middle Euphrates clubs (Babylon, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Holy Karbala, Al-Diwaniyah) for the 2022-2023 sports season. The research sample was chosen randomly (by lottery) with (86) players representing (8) clubs. The confrontation efficiency scale consisted of (24) items representing four areas, and the psychological barriers scale had (52) items representing six areas. The answer alternatives were five. The research came out with a set of conclusions, including developing a predictive equation to predict confrontation efficiency in terms of the psychological barriers of basketball players. The research came out with a set of recommendations, including holding seminars that work to educate players about the importance of confrontation efficiency that helps them overcome obstacles and difficult situations, and instilling confidence in the souls of players because it works to reduce Psychological barriers.

Using administrative methods to develop financial performance in Iraqi oil sector clubs

2024-11-09T21:49:27+03:00

The research aims to build a measure in the use of administrative methods in developing financial performance in oil sector clubs, as the use of modern administrative methods is considered to have a positive impact on the development of business in an easily accessible manner through managing funds and planning for the future correctly. Financial performance is one of the topics that preoccupy public opinion and how to maintain it through the use of administrative methods that help maintain the legal management of funds that allows government institutions to access them in a clear and understandable manner, as financial decisions and activities affect the financial situation in general of the administrative bodies in the sector’s clubs oil. Therefore, it is very important for sports clubs to learn how to manage their funds according to coordinated business plans, and improve their financial performance. Financial performance is one of the indicators used to measure the success of financial institutions in terms of financial returns. It is also used as a tool by government regulators to assess compliance with regulatory measures and monitor the overall health of the financial sector, and is often used by investors as a benchmark for performing due diligence and evaluating their investment case.

Training in both simultaneous and sequential methods affected a number of physical variables among youth handball players

2024-11-09T21:53:19+03:00

The research aims to reveal the significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables between the pre- and post-tests for the two research groups that used simultaneous and successive training for youth handball players. And to identify the statistical differences in a number of physical variables between the two research groups that used training using the simultaneous and successive method in the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method because it suits the nature and problem of the research. The researchers concluded that the first experimental group that used the synchronous training method achieved positive development in all the physical variables under study. The second experimental group, which used the successive training method, achieved positive development in all the physical variables under study. All effects were in favor of the second experimental group, which used the sequential training method, except for the two variables, agility, and the explosive strength of the legs, in favor of the first experimental group, which used the simultaneous training method.

An analytical study of the reality of implementing the Asian licensing law for clubs participating in the Professional Football League from the point of view of members of administrative bodies

2024-11-11T09:30:46+03:00

This study aimed to know the factors that hinder clubs from implementing the standards of the Asian Licensing Law from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies, as well as identifying the problems and obstacles facing the members of the administrative bodies in implementing the requirements of the Asian Licensing Law. The research community and the sample of the current study were determined from (100) members of the administrative body represented by (20) sports clubs. The number of questionnaires returned and valid for research reached (100) questionnaires, which represents (100%) of the research community, and (the licenses scale) was used. Asian League from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies in the Iraqi League) by researcher (Abu Bakr Youssef Muhammad, 2022). The researchers concluded that the success of sports clubs in applying the standards of the Asian licensing law depends on the efficiency of the administrative body’s performance and expertise, and the clubs face great challenges in providing training facilities and official stadiums, in addition to the fact that they need a large percentage of these clubs to improve and develop their infrastructure. The researchers recommended holding training and development courses for members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs and working to remove the obstacles that limit the lack of provision of stadiums and training halls for sports clubs, as well as working to provide the necessary financial allocations to improve and develop the infrastructure and establish stadiums and training facilities for sports clubs.

The impact of scout camps in enhancing the awareness of climate change among public universities, universities and private colleges

2024-11-11T09:36:07+03:00

The research aims to build a scale for scout camps and enhance environmental awareness. Identify the impact of scout camps on enhancing the awareness of climate change among public universities, universities and private colleges. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method, and the research population and sample represented roaming public universities and private universities and colleges participating in the seventh scout camp for the Iraqi universities traveling in Nineveh Governorate for the period from 3-7/5/2023, amounting to (256) roaming people representing (32) universities and colleges. One of the most important conclusions is that the current scale is a tool for enhancing the awareness of university and college tours about environmental issues and climate change. Scout camps have shown a positive impact on enhancing the sense of environmental responsibility among young people. Scout camps have provided an interactive environment that enhances cooperation and teamwork among young people. Among the most important recommendations are the need to use the current scale in similar studies on university and college directories, the need to intensify environmental activities within scout camp programs to enhance awareness and interaction with environmental issues, and the need to encourage young people to carry out applied research projects related to local and global environmental challenges.

The effect of a rehabilitation program to reduce some health risks for people with coronary vascular diseases and its effect on some anthropometric measurements at the ages of (35-45) years men

2024-11-11T09:40:14+03:00

Practicing physical activity is the best way to get rid of obesity, especially if it is accompanied by correcting habits, using healthy behavior, and knowing the type of food appropriate to the health condition that the individual is experiencing. This is because the global statistics on the rates of diseases and their increase represent a phenomenon that threatens society with the abundance of diseases and syndromes that have become chronic as a result of the scientific and technological progress that we are experiencing. From here, the problem of research began in the large number of people suffering from heart disease in general and coronary vascular diseases, especially in men, which is the first rate in the world and is the cause. first for deaths. Especially if this is accompanied by an increase in the abdominal circumference, which usually leads to the formation of adipose and peripheral fat, which has the first effect in deteriorating the individual’s health. Therefore, the researchers decided to prepare a rehabilitation program that helps practice sports activity and get rid of excess fat in the body, especially for men aged (35-45) years. The research aims to prepare a rehabilitation program for men with coronary vascular disease aged (35-45) years. And to know the effect of the rehabilitation program on some anthropometric measurements for men with coronary vascular disease aged (35-45) years.

The effect of using the Klausmeier model in learning the blocking skill among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in handball

2024-11-11T09:45:49+03:00

The educational process still needs new educational models, strategies, and methods to reach an educational process that guarantees learning for all students. Therefore, the researcher decided to use the Klausmeyer model in the educational unit, as Klausmeyer designed this model to facilitate concepts and teach them in an organized manner. It is one of the models of deductive education based on the standard method that is based on On the principle of generalities and moving to specifics, that is, the teacher presents the general rule and then breaks it down to facilitate the concepts for the learners. And to find out the extent of its impact on learning the skill of blocking the wall, as the researcher used the experimental method by designing equal groups that represented the research population and sampled third-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Baghdad and designed two groups (an experimental group and a control group), and the educational program was applied in (3) units. Educational work over a period of (3) weeks, and the work was in the main section of the educational unit. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to determine the level of learning, and the results of the research were significant due to the use of the Klausmeier model. The researcher concluded that using the Klausmeyer model was better than the method used by the teacher in learning the skill of blocking the handball. As for the recommendations, they are to emphasize the adoption of the Klausmeyer model to teach skills, especially the skills of Team games.

The effectiveness of a training program based on interval training to developing self-concept among students in colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq

2024-11-11T09:51:20+03:00

The research aimed to prepare a training program based on the use of the intermittent training method in self-concept among students, and to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on intermittent training in developing the self-concept of students in colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq, after identifying the level of possession of students in colleges of education. Physical and sports sciences in Iraq for self-concept. The researchers used the experimental method with a controlled design of two equal and equal groups with a pre- and post-test. The researchers identified the research sample as basketball players from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kirkuk, who belong to the college stages (first, second, third, and fourth). For the academic year (2022-2023). They numbered (40) players distributed into two groups, control and experimental, with (20) players for each group. The researchers developed the training program according to scientific principles, which included various activities and exercises. The training program took a period of (8) weeks, with two training units per week. One, and the high-intensity interval training method (80% - 90%) was used.

The effect of peer education strategy to learning the skills of smashing and blocking of volleyball for students

2024-11-11T11:54:29+03:00

The research aimed to prepare educational units according to the peer education strategy (twos, threes, fours) in teaching the skills (smashing and blocking) in volleyball to students. And to identify the effect of educational units according to the strategy of peer education in its three types (twos, threes, fours) on cognitive achievement and learning the skills of smashing and blocking the wall with volleyball for students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing three experimental groups, and the research community included second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Karbala, who numbered (86) students. As for the sample of the research, it was chosen by a simple random method (lottery), as it was composed of three groups: (A, B, and C), as the first experimental group (pair pairing method) represented (10) students representing the group (A) and (9) students representing Section (B), which is the second experimental group (three-way pairing method), and (8) students representing section (C), which is represented by the third experimental group (four-way pairing method). The data was processed statistically using the statistical package (SPSS), and the researchers concluded that the peer learning strategy (two-, three-way, and four-way) has a positive impact on cognitive achievement and skills (smashing and blocking), but in varying proportions. The researchers recommended emphasizing the importance of using the strategy. Peer teaching plays a major role in learning volleyball skills to keep up with the fast rhythms of the game.

Evaluating the quality of students admission tests in colleges of physical education and sports sciences and its relationship to their level of academic proficiency after graduation

2024-11-11T11:57:02+03:00

The research aimed to identify the quality of admission tests in colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq from the point of view of their teachers, as well as to identify the level of scientific competence possessed by graduate students from colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq. Then, to find the relationship between the quality of admission tests in colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq and the scientific competence possessed by graduate students. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and the correlational method. The research community was limited to teachers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraqi government universities, who numbered (1640). Relying on Thompson's law in calculating sample sizes, the researcher chose (312) teachers to form the main research sample, and then divided them into three subgroups: the first is the exploratory study sample, the second is the statistical analysis sample, and the third is the final application sample, with numbers reaching (12, 180). , 120) teachers. It was found that the admission tests to colleges of physical education and sports sciences within Iraqi universities were not of the required quality, as the quality level of these tests was average.

Design and standardization of an electronic device to measure the speed of motor response of epee players on fixed chairs

2024-11-13T19:05:18+03:00

The research aimed to identify the speed of the motor response of the players of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee for fencing on chairs, and it also aimed to determine the degrees and standard levels for the speed of the motor response of the players of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee for fencing on chairs. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of survey and standard studies due to its suitability and the nature of the current study in studying the problem on a sample consisting of (65) players representing (7) committees and (9) clubs affiliated with the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee for chair fencing. They participated in the main experiment. The researchers conducted a field study that included taking the opinions of experts and specialists and investigating the scientific foundations in designing and manufacturing the device. After that, the researchers completed their work by codifying and then extracting the raw grades. The researchers presented and analyzed the results, obtaining different grades and standard levels for the variables of the study.

The effect of strength endurance exercises using different resistances on some physical variables and defensive skill performance of youth basketball

2024-11-13T19:14:46+03:00

The importance of research to raise the physical and skill level of basketball players, especially defensive skills, is evident due to their importance and role in the game of basketball through the use of appropriate exercises that match the atmosphere of competition, which are exercises that support muscular strength, in addition to delivering scientific information to basketball coaches about the role of strength endurance exercises in raising the physical and skill level. Defensive basketball players. Defensive performance in basketball is not easy, but it requires strength in moving quickly, cutting the ball, following up, and other skills, and here it requires providing strength endurance because it is linked to those skills. The research sample included young basketball players from Al-Mina Sports Club, and the researcher used the experimental method with a matched group design to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research aims to identify the effect of strength endurance exercises using different resistances on some physical variables and defensive skill performance in youth basketball.

The effect of compound training to developing some types of special muscle strength for bodybuilders

2024-11-13T19:17:38+03:00

The importance of the research lies in subjecting the two compound training methods to experimentation in order to verify the feasibility of this method in developing the muscular strength of bodybuilders and thus putting it at the disposal of our coaches by conveying accurate and correct information about this method and applying them scientifically. Muscular strength is an important and essential requirement for bodybuilders, and it is always trained in several separate methods, sometimes with weights and sometimes with plyometrics. However, complex training that combines these two methods together has not been tried and may give better results. The researcher used the experimental method with the design of equal control and experimental groups to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research aims to identify the effect of compound training in developing some types of special muscular strength for bodybuilders.

Prediction of ankle instability based on upper and lower function of football players

2024-11-13T19:50:05+03:00

Epidemiological studies of football injuries have been conducted in Europe since the late 1970s. Over the past three decades football participation has increased, resulting in more injuries being recorded during training or matches than in previous decades. The cause of injuries depends on several factors. In particular, long periods have been reported to lead to fatigue in athletes. Which leads to an increased risk of ankle joint injury. In addition, damage factors include frequent acceleration and deceleration of players, sudden changes in direction and repeated kicks. The frequency of football injuries that occur during matches is four to six times higher on average than during training. A related study on former football athletes found that former professionals had a higher susceptibility to developing ankle arthritis (6%) than the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the causes and mechanisms of injury in the leg area. In recent years artificial turf surfaces have been widely used due to lower maintenance costs and increased usability in various environmental conditions. In fact, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has approved a new generation of artificial turf for football competitions at the elite level of athletes. In addition, according to Van Dijk et al., most muscle damage occurs in the first half of the match between the 30th and 45th minutes. The most common mechanisms of injury to the ankle area include contact with another player, non-contact injury, and contact with a starter (ball/shoot on goal)

The effect of the simulation method on the concentration of blood plasma proteins in young short-distance swimmers

2024-11-13T19:53:26+03:00

The importance of the research is evident in explaining the role and importance of the simulation training method on the concentration of blood proteins because this method contains exercises that are similar to competition and have the same effect. Thus, we will provide scientific information studied and according to the results of this research about the role of the simulation method in raising the career level of short-distance swimmers. Giving exercises and applying them in an atmosphere similar to competition will help in shortening the time and effort of the coach and swimmers in training and achieving the required achievements and times, provided that the exercises are effective and bring about functional changes, including the concentration of blood plasma proteins, and this reflects an image of raising the level of the swimmer. The research aims to identify the effect of the simulation method on the concentration of blood plasma proteins in young short-distance swimmers.

The effect of Rehabilitation Program By Using Therapeutic Exercises and Accompanying Means on the restoration of the Sprained External Ankle Joint's Function in Futsal Players

2024-11-13T19:55:10+03:00

The study aims to determine the effect of a rehabilitation program by employing therapeutic exercises and accompanying means on restoring the sprained external ankle joint's function among futsal players. The researcher has used the experimental method of a single group system because it suits the nature of the research.

The researcher has intentionally chosen the research sample from first-class futsal players, numbering (8) players. The survey has been applied to (4) futsal players from outside the research sample to calculate the scientific coefficients of the tests employed in the current study. The researcher has conducted measurements of pre- and post-measurements on (6) regular players in the rehabilitation program's implementation.

The rehabilitation program has been carried out for six weeks, with 3 sessions per week, a total of 18 sessions, and a time of 45 minutes for each session, then post-measurements have been conducted and the results have been as follows: The rehabilitation program has a positive effect on developing the strength of the extensor and flexor muscles of futsal players suffering from first- and second-degree external ankle joint sprains. The training program has a positive effect on the flexibility of the external ankle joint for athletes with first- and second-degree sprains. The rehabilitation program reduces pain and restores the ankle joint's functional condition as before the injury occurrence.

The effectiveness of ballistic training for developing the muscular ability of the arms and achieving the discus throw

2024-11-13T19:56:55+03:00

The importance of the research came in investigating the facts of ballistic training in sports and specialized games and its role in the development of the level of muscular ability (explosive strength and strength characterized by speed) and the achievement of discus throw players in Erbil, and conveying scientific training information to the coaches of this individual event and about the role of ballistic training and the results achieved futurism. The research aims to identify the effect of physical exercises using the ballistic method in developing the special muscular ability of the arms and the achievement of discus throwers. The most important conclusions were that the exercises used and applied using the ballistic method and using different weights are important in developing some of the special muscular ability and achievement of discus throwers. The researcher recommends adopting the exercises used and applied using the ballistic method and using different weights to develop muscular ability (explosive strength and strength characterized by speed in the arms and achievement). It is important for the discus thrower.

The effect of special exercises (physical - skill) in a complex style on the explosive ability and shooting accuracy from a steady state (penalty kick) for young football players

2024-11-13T19:58:50+03:00

In the philosophy of football training, it is necessary for the physical and skill aspects to be divided according to correct timing, in order to ensure reaching the set goals set by the coaching staff, as the physical aspect has a very large and influential role in shaping the requirements of football players in the different lines of play, whether in the offensive line. Or the defensive line or the midfield, as weakness in the physical aspect leads to weakness in the skill aspect due to the interconnection of the physical and skill aspects together. The researcher noticed that trainers use traditional training methods, as these methods raise the levels of the physical and skill aspects, but not to the required level that simulates high levels, and this in itself is considered a problem that needs someone to address it for the purpose of developing solutions to this problem using scientific research. Therefore, the researcher decided, by defining the problem, to prepare special exercises (physical-skills) in a complex manner and with scientifically codified training loads for the purpose of developing the explosive ability of the legs and the accuracy of scoring from a steady state (penalty kick) and to study this problem in detail in order to serve the football training process. The researcher identified a community His research included the players of Al-Jamahir Sports Club participating in the Kerbala Governorate Football League for the 2023-2024 season for the youth category, who numbered (25) players, and (12) players were selected.

The relationship between the motor speed of the arm and the accuracy of the volleyball smashing skill

2024-11-13T20:00:38+03:00

The research aimed to identify the relationship between the motor speed of the arm and the accuracy of performing the smash hit skill in the game of volleyball. The researcher assumed that there is a positive relationship between the motor speed of the arm and the smash hit skill for volleyball players. It was necessary for the researcher to use the descriptive approach using the correlational method to find out the extent of the connection between two or more variables, or in other words the extent of agreement between the variables in one factor and with the variables in another factor. The researcher chose the research community in a deliberate manner, namely the Sukkar Castle Sports Club for volleyball for the 2024 season, and their number is (12). ) jumpers. In order to determine the most important tests related to the research topic, the researcher did the following: (A test to measure the motor speed of the arms, tests for the accuracy of the smashing skill in volleyball). The researcher used the SPSS statistical package (version 25) to identify the results of the research. The researcher concluded that the motor speed of the arm is significantly related to the accuracy of performing the smashing skill on the volleyball court. There are slight differences between the levels of players in the results of the arm motor speed test. The group of test scores for the accuracy of performing the smashing skill on the volleyball court was good for all testers.

Physical measurements and skill self-concept and their relationship to shooting accuracy skill of youth football

2024-11-13T20:02:49+03:00

The study aimed to identify the values of physical measurements related to the physical self-concept and the accuracy of the scoring skill for young people in soccer, as well as to identify the type of relationship between each of the physical measurements related to the physical self-concept and the accuracy of the scoring skill for young people in soccer. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships. The research was conducted on a sample of the youth of the Kufa Sports Club participating in the Premier League for the sports season (2023-2024), who numbered 16 players out of 28 players. The researchers used a number of devices, tools, and means of collecting information, and then determined physical measurements and a measure of physical self-concept. The researchers concluded that the physical measurements related to young football players were that the young football players showed a positive degree in relation to their physical self-concept. The young football players showed a positive degree in relation to the skill of scoring in football. A significant correlation appeared between all physical measurements and the skill of scoring on goal among the Youth football players. In light of the conclusions reached, the researchers recommend emphasizing the necessity of conducting physical measurements periodically to determine the selection of players suitable for the skill of scoring in football, and working to select players with appropriate physical measurements for this skill because of its close connection with other basic football skills.

Focusing attention and its relationship to accuracy of some basic skills in tennis

2024-11-17T09:00:29+03:00

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of concentration of attention among tennis players, to identify the level of accuracy of some basic skills of tennis players, and to identify the correlation between concentration of attention and the accuracy of some basic skills of tennis players. The researcher assumed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between some concentration of attention and the accuracy of some basic skills in tennis. It included the research methodology and field procedures, as the descriptive approach was used using the survey method and correlational relationships in order to achieve the research objectives. The research procedures were applied to the research sample of (40) students from the College of Physical Education for the branches of theoretical and applied sciences, the third stage. The data was processed using a number of statistical methods and with the help of The statistical portfolio for the social sciences (SPSS). The researcher concluded that there is a strong correlation between the focus of attention and the backhand hit, there is a correlation to a lesser degree between the focus of attention and the forehand hit, and there is an acceptable direct correlation between the focus of attention and the overwhelming hit.

The effect of using an innovative electronic device (with remote control technology) to develop the speed of motor response and some kinematic variables of the tennis forehand

2024-11-17T09:07:01+03:00

The importance of the research lies in developing the speed of motor response through the manufacture of a laser electronic device that works with remote control technology. The speed of motor response has an important role in the performance of skills because it is an important physical ability for many sports. The research problem is what determines the type of method that the researcher chooses to reach the required results. Therefore, the two researchers used the experimental method (one-group design) with two pre- and post-tests to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research aims to design an innovative electronic device with remote control to develop movement response speed and identify the values of some kinematic variables of the forehand in the game of tennis. The two researchers concluded that the innovative device helped develop the trait of movement response speed and that the research sample achieved remarkable progress in the values of this trait as well as the values of some of the kinematic variables under research. The two researchers recommended the need to use modern devices in training, including a device for developing motor response speed, especially in games that require this characteristic, as well as the need to pay attention to using motor analysis to know the level that players achieve during the training period and to apply the correct biomechanical conditions while performing the tennis forehand skill.

The effect of special exercises to developing the strength characterized by speed and accuracy in performing the skill of spiking the volleyball

2024-11-17T09:11:44+03:00

The game of volleyball is one of the sports that has its basic skills, which include offensive skills, including the skill of crushing, defensive skills, and offensive-defensive skills, as these skills are linked to each other in a very strong way, and any defect in the level of performance of the skills leads to a decline in the level of the team and perhaps its loss. For matches. The success of players in performing offensive skills in general and the smashing skill in particular does not depend on the development of skill capabilities only, but goes beyond that by taking into account the player’s strength characterized by speed, which has a major role in performance. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare special exercises in order to develop the strength distinguished by speed, as it directly affects In developing the performance of the crushing skill, the more the strength and speed that the players possess improves, this is reflected positively on the level of performance. Therefore, the problem of the research was identified in the presence of a weakness in the level of performance of the crushing skill among the research sample, which is the result of a weakness in the strength distinguished by speed, and that this weakness is the result of some trainers refraining from using special exercises or their lack of use. The research aims to prepare special exercises in developing the distinctive strength. With speed and accuracy, the smashing skill for first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala.

The effect of psychological exercises to treat anxiety to implementing some types of basketball shooting for young people

2024-11-17T09:26:44+03:00

The importance of research was demonstrated in raising the psychological level of young players while performing the shooting skill and reducing the anxiety that confuses the player and causes the ball to deviate from the basket while shooting due to lack of self-control in performance resulting from anxiety and fear. This is done by using the correct psychological exercises that work to raise the psychological aspect of the players in Performing the required skills. The research aims to identify the effect of psychological exercises to address anxiety in implementing some types of basketball shooting for young people. The researcher concluded that psychological exercises achieved their goals in treating anxiety and developing some types of basketball shooting for young people. The researcher recommends adopting psychological exercises because they have achieved their goals in treating anxiety and developing some types of basketball shooting for young people.

Professional stability of the technical staff for team games participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2024-11-17T10:48:12+03:00

The research aims to identify the level of professional stability of the technical staff of team games participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive method, using both survey and correlational methods, to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research community included all members of the technical staff for group games participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, who numbered (161) members, while the research sample represented (155) members of the technical staff for team games participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The research sample was divided into three samples: the construction sample, which numbered (100) members (62%), the exploratory experiment sample (10) members (6%), while the final application sample (45) members (31%), where the researchers used The questionnaire to collect data and information for the study, and through preparing professional stability, follow all scientific steps. The researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to analyze the data. The researchers concluded that the members of the technical staff enjoy a very high level of professional stability for team games participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Regions - Iraq. The researchers recommend adopting professional stability measures to evaluate the technical staff periodically.

The effect of Auxiliary tools on cognitive achievement, learning and retaining the skill of spiking volleyball for students

2024-11-17T15:17:07+03:00

The research aims to use a group of aids in learning and retaining the skill of spiking volleyball, identifying the level of cognitive achievement among students, identifying the effect of aids on cognitive achievement and learning and retaining the skill of spiking volleyball for students. The researcher used the design of the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests, and the research population was chosen intentionally, namely the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Diyala, the second stage of the academic year 2023/2024, who numbered (177) divided into (5) groups, and the research sample was chosen by the method Randomization by lottery, including the students of Sections (C and B) to represent the two research groups. The researchers recommends emphasizing the use of aids and tools in learning the skills under research, as they are more effective at various stages of learning and are an essential part of the content of the curriculum, and the necessity of using aids and tools in learning other skills in volleyball. Emphasis is placed on the competent authorities concerned with providing tools and aids for learning other skills for individual and group games, and conducting similar studies on different age groups and for both genders in volleyball.

The effect of two teaching methods: individual self-competition and self-simulation on students’ acquisition of the technical performance of some complex handball skills

2024-11-17T21:25:54+03:00

The importance of the research is evident, and from here came the importance of the research to raise the level of teaching complex skill performance in terms of speed in the game of handball according to correct teaching methods that help self-reliance in education, whether in competition or simulation, which are considered two different methods of application and performance, but they give one goal for learning. The research aims to identify the effect of the two methods of teaching self-individual competition and self-simulation in acquiring the technical performance of some complex handball skills for students. The researcher used the experimental approach with an equal group design (two experimental groups). The research sample was determined by a sample of third-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Saladin University. Standardized tests were chosen to measure the speed of complex skill performance, as well as conducting important exploratory and experimental field experiments, applying the two teaching methods and knowing their effect. And compare them using the required statistical methods.

The effect of the HOLOGRAM technique to learning some basic tennis skills

2024-11-17T21:28:46+03:00

The study aims to identify the effect of using the HOLOGRAM technique in learning some basic tennis skills for students of the second stage/University of Diyala, through preparing educational units based on the educational triangle of the holo-gram technique to improve the level of students’ skill performance and also through tennis skill tests, where a number of Students (30) applications. They were divided into two groups, the first an experimental group consisting of (15) students and the second a control group consisting of (15) students. The educational units were applied to the experimental group using the Hologram technique to learn basic tennis skills, which were prepared by the researcher and the control group in the usual method or method. Followed. The study concluded that the experimental group using the Hologram educational program was superior to the control group, and also that using the Hologram technique saves time and effort for learners in learning basic tennis skills. The study concluded to work on applying the educational program using the Hologram technique in the physical education lesson for other sports skills and activities, whether Be it individual or group.

The effectiveness of sports performance exercises accompanied by music to developing motor response speed and balance for kindergarten children

2024-11-17T21:33:17+03:00

The current study aims to prepare and identify exercises for sports performances accompanied by music in developing the speed of motor response and balance for kindergarten children, and by informing the researchers of previous studies. It was found that there was a clear weakness for most children when they performed exercises that involved speed of motor response and balance, which prompted the researchers to study this problem. The researchers used the experimental method with tight control by designing the experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the research and its objectives, as the research population included the children of Al-Assal Kindergarten for the academic year. (2023-2024) and their number is (92) children aged (-56) years in the preparatory stage, males and females. They were divided by lottery into two groups: (20) children, an experimental group, (20) children, a control group, and (10) children, for the survey sample. Sports performance exercises accompanied by music with 30-minute educational units were applied to the experimental group, and then the researchers conducted the tests. The research and its codification were processed statistically using the SPSS program. The researchers reached the most important conclusions that sports performance exercises accompanied by music had a clear and effective impact in developing the speed of motor response and balance for the kindergarten child. The experimental group, to which sports presentation exercises were applied, showed significant superiority over the control group in the post-tests and for all variables.

The effect of rehabilitation exercises and the use of electrical stimulation to improving the range of motion of women with schizophrenia aged (35-45) years

2024-11-17T23:13:06+03:00

The scientific efforts made by physical therapy centers and their reliance on various methods and techniques are determined by the type and level of the injury, which has called for therapists to exert their utmost efforts for the purpose of achieving integration between rehabilitative exercises and their use of these rehabilitative methods. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment is a method approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is a commonly used method in modern pain management. It is used for many forms of acute and chronic pain. Two electrodes are placed on the skin connected to a unit. The unit generates electricity and passes it to the electrode in the affected area body. There are different theories about how TENS works. Others suggest that it has an effect similar to acupuncture. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation leads to the release of opioids and thus reduces pain. From the sporting and non-sporting aspects, during his daily work, a person faces many accidents that cause him some injuries and severe pain and lead to his disability and his inability to practice his work and daily life, which affects the psychological aspect, which requires providing care, prevention and treatment of these injuries when they occur, and there are ways Various methods and devices help in rehabilitation by applying rehabilitative exercises that help relieve pain and restore the physical aspect of those affected by injuries.

Studying administrative proposals to address the phenomenon of sports violence in the stadiums of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq from the point of view of sports media professionals

2024-11-18T07:56:45+03:00

Sports violence is one of the phenomena that has been present and associated with sports activity since ancient times. Wherever you find sports competition, you find there are two parties supporting the two teams of the match and the athletes participating in the competition. In many cases, encouragement for the two teams is through slogans or shouting, and sometimes it develops into cursing and cursing and clashes between the two sides of the encouragement. The importance of the research lies in that it sheds light on a social issue that is considered one of the most important issues in the sports community, with the results it provides through which it attempts to provide administrative and scientific explanations about the causes of sports fanaticism and the extent of its spread in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. And to benefit from its results and open the door to the specialized institutions, whether in the Ministry of Culture and Youth, the Olympic Committee, and sports federations, to guide young people and sports fans and educate them so that society avoids its negative effects, and to highlight the major role played by the various sports media in perpetuating one of the serious social and sports issues and showing ways to achieve it. By treating it.

The effect of ABC exercises accompanying coordination exercises to developing the physical abilities of the 100-meter running event stages

2024-11-18T08:29:32+03:00

The importance of the research came from the use of ABC exercises, which are a group of preparatory exercises that focus on strengthening the joints and main muscles used in short running events. ABC exercises help strengthen the leg muscles, which helps reduce the risk of common injuries among runners. ABC exercises also improve range. Joint mobility and muscle strength, which may lead to improved running performance. In addition to using harmonic exercises that aim to raise the level of skill and physical preparation, the study aims to prepare ABC exercises that accompany harmonic exercises, and to identify the effect of ABC exercises that accompany harmonic exercises in developing the physical abilities of the stages of the 100-meter running event. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem by designing a single experimental group. The research sample was selected in the intended intentional manner and its number was (6) players from the Diyala Youth Club team who ran short distances (100) meters for an elite group of young people under the age of 20 years. The research procedures included Field physical tests (running test (5 m) completed from a low start. Two-leg test (long jump from a standstill), a three-hop test on each leg and measuring the distance, for a 30-meter sprint from a flying start, a running test (60 meters), a running test (100 meters (completed from a low start). The training modules were applied in two intermediate sessions and at a rate of (2) training units per week, and the total number of training units was (16) during the experiment period.

The effect of educational units using a manufactured device and VR BOX technology to learning the skill of inverted hanging on steel rings device for students

2024-11-18T08:50:15+03:00

Through reviewing a number of different research and studies and through personal interviews with teachers and specialists in the game of gymnastics, the researchers found difficulty for students in learning some basic skills on the throat device, since this device is characterized by difficulty in performing and depends primarily on the muscles of the upper part, first and foremost. The importance of the research lies in preparing educational units and manufacturing a designed earring device, as well as using modern VR BOX technology that enables the learner to acquire an accurate perception of the skills as well as means that enable him to achieve practice, which is considered an important condition in the process of learning sports skills in general and gymnastics skills in particular. The study aimed to Preparing educational units using a manufactured device and VR BOX technology to learn the skill of hanging inverted from a weighted device on a throat device for third-year students in physical education and sports sciences. Identifying the effect of educational modules using a manufactured device and VR BOX technology in learning the skill of inverted hanging from a swing on a ring apparatus for third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Identifying the advantage of the two groups in learning the skill of inverted hanging from a swing on a ring apparatus. Preparing special exercises to learn the skill. Inverted hanging of the swing on the throat apparatus for students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Diyala University.

Building a Scale of psychological defense mechanisms for futsal players

2024-11-18T09:23:16+03:00

The research aimed to build a measure of the psychological defense mechanisms of futsal players. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method to build a measure of the psychological defense mechanisms of futsal players. The research community was determined from futsal players at Kirkuk University for the academic year (2023-2024), which numbered in number. (238) players distributed among (19) colleges. The College of Education for Girls and internal departments were excluded, and the total number of participating colleges became (17) colleges. The research sample was chosen from futsal players at Kirkuk University, who numbered (220) players representing (92.43%) of the research community. They were chosen intentionally, and (15) players were chosen who represented the exploratory experiment. They were chosen randomly by lottery and they were from outside the country. The research sample and (3) players were excluded because they did not complete the answer to the scale items. The researchers reached the conclusions, namely, constructing a measure of psychological defense mechanisms for futsal players. (5) domains were extracted and the number of its items was (42). The first domain was called (Confrontation) and contained (8) items. The second domain was called (Repression) and contained (7) Paragraphs.

The effect of special exercises using Carroll’s Style to developing the dribbling and scoring skills in futsal for third-year intermediate students

2024-11-19T18:28:28+03:00

The importance of the research comes from following modern scientific methods and the correct scientific method in grading and moving learning from easy to difficult and introducing the suspense factor through situations similar to play situations, which may increase students’ learning better than the followed (imperative) method. The problem of the research lies in developing the skills of dribbling and scoring in futsal for the third intermediate grade, and through the researcher’s experience because he has practiced and coached the game for many years, for more than (8) years, he was able to diagnose this weakness and diagnose its cause, which is the survival of old methods that have become incompatible with rapid changes. Or the development taking place in the game and the educational process. The use of various exercises in Carroll’s style in the special preparation stage has a positive and effective impact on developing the skills of dribbling and scoring in futsal. After completing the experiment, post-tests were conducted and were treated statistically. The results were obtained, and in light of them, the researcher concluded that the exercises prepared using Carroll’s method had a very large and effective impact in developing the skills of dribbling and scoring in futsal for third-year middle school students. The researcher recommended the need to use Carroll’s method in the process of learning sports skills for various age levels.

The effect of special exercises on the rehabilitation of people with partial tears of the medial meniscus in football players

2024-11-19T18:35:17+03:00

The importance of this study was in preparing rehabilitative exercises, especially in strengthening the medial meniscus and the elasticity of the muscles responsible for the knee joint, directly or indirectly, while demonstrating the effect of these exercises as an effective means of helping injured people to return to the playing fields and thus getting rid of pain and problems associated with them. Rehabilitation exercises in general are considered In the sports field in particular. The objectives of the research were to prepare special exercises in rehabilitating those with partial tears of the medial meniscus in soccer players, and to identify the effect of special exercises in rehabilitating those with partial tears of the medial meniscus in soccer players. The most important conclusions were that prepared rehabilitative exercises had a positive effect on qualifying the functional performance of the knee joint. Prepared exercises had a positive effect on the muscular strength of the working muscles of the affected joint. The most important recommendations were the use of integrated rehabilitation exercises, follow-up with the specialist at the center, which gives outstanding results, careful attention to the injured, application of exercises, and follow-up with them to avoid complications.

The contribution rate of speed and agility in a number of football zigzag tests

2024-11-19T18:39:33+03:00

The aim of the research is to identify the contribution rate of the attributes of speed and agility in football dribbling tests among junior football academies in Erbil Governorate. The research sample consisted of (56) players. The researchers used the descriptive method using a survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The study tests were as follows: (Sprinting 30 meters to measure transitional speed - running zigzag for a distance of 7 meters to measure agility - rolling between (3) signs back and forth, the first person being away from the starting line (8.10) meters, and the distance between the signs (7.20) meters, and rolling between (5) signs back and forth, The first sign is (2) meters away from the starting line, the distance between the signs is (1.5) meters, and the rolling is between (5) signs back and forth. The first sign is (5) meters away from the starting line, the distance between the signs is (3) meters, and the rolling is between (5) Signs back and forth. The first marker is (2) meters away from the starting line. The distance between the markers is (2) metres, and the distance between (6) markers from the goal line to the penalty line is (16.5) meters and back to the goal line. The first marker is (4) metres. The distance between the signs is (2.5 meters). The data were processed using statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, regression).

The effect of a (physical-nutritional) program according to the basal metabolic rate on some physiological variables and elements of health fitness at the ages of 25-30 years

2024-11-19T18:42:43+03:00

The importance of the research lies in developing a (physical-nutritional) program according to the basal metabolic rate to know its effect on the elements of health fitness and physiological variables and components for women aged (25-35) years. The researchers worked to combine the practice of physical exercises as well as developing an integrated nutritional program in addition to the important factor which is Calculating the body's energy needs during rest and during sports activity. The study aimed to identify the basal metabolic rate at rest and during exercise, prepare aerobic exercises to develop some elements of health fitness and physiological variables, prepare a nutritional program according to the basal metabolic rate to develop health elements and physiological variables, and identify the effect of the (physical-nutritional) program according to the metabolic rate. The basis for developing some elements of health fitness and physiological variables among women participating in the fitness center aged (25-30). As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests for the physiological variables in women aged (25-30), and there are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests for the elements of health fitness in women aged (25-30). The researchers used the experimental method in a manner One group

The effect of special exercises with assistive tools to developing some physical variables and long passing for football players

2024-11-19T18:45:37+03:00

The research aimed to reveal the effect of using exercises as auxiliary tools on some physical and skill variables for football players. In light of the research objective, the researcher assumed that the research sample has significant differences in the pre- and post-tests when measuring some physical and skill variables, and the preference would be for the post-test. The research sample was the players of Al-Jihad Sports Football Club in Wasit, and their number was (16) players. The researcher used three physical tests and one skill test, and in light of the results he produced, he developed special exercises that he applied to the research sample, starting on Saturday, 01/06/2024, and ending on Wednesday, 02/28/2024, and it included (24) training units. Hence, the researcher decided to study this case using exercises and auxiliary tools specifically for it. The problem of the research lies in answering the following question: Does training using special exercises with auxiliary tools and in the periodic training method work on developing the physical and skill variables of football players?

The effectiveness of an educational program using picture puzzles to learning football refereeing signals for students

2024-11-19T18:48:36+03:00

The research aimed to prepare educational units (with picture puzzles) in learning football refereeing signals for students at the University of Karbala, third stage, and to identify the effect of using picture puzzles in learning football refereeing signals for students. The researchers used the experimental method, due to its suitability to the nature of the research sample, and designed two equal experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests. The research community included third-year students at the University of Karbala (Boys) - Karbala Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), and two sections of us were chosen by random method (lottery) to represent the main research sample, which is Section (A, B), as Section (A) represented ) The experimental group and Section (B), the control group. (30) students were chosen as a sample for the research, with (15) students for the experimental group, (15) students for the control group, and (10) students from a survey sample who were chosen by a simple random method.

A comparative study of the effect of two anaerobic efforts (phosphate-lactate) on heart rate and the percentage of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen for children aged (11-12) years

2024-11-20T09:36:10+03:00

The aim of the current research is to identify the differences in the values of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen and heart rate for children aged (11-12) years between the two stresses (phosphate - lactate) in the post-measurement. The researchers assumed that there were no differences in the values of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen and heart rate for children aged (11-12) years between the two efforts (phosphate - lactate) in the post-measurement. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the comparative method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample included children aged (11-12) years, numbering (20) children for the academic year 2023/2024 in Nineveh Governorate, who represent the fifth and sixth grades of Al-Azd Primary School for Boys in the city of Mosul. They were selected randomly from among those who were in good health, and the consent of the students’ parents was obtained to participate in the (main experiment). Homogeneity was carried out among the study sample members in the variables of age, height, and mass. The researchers also used technical tests and measurements as means of collecting data. The final experiment was conducted for the period from (4/14/2024 to 4/18/2024), which included measuring the study variables at rest and immediately after the end of physical effort (for phosphate effort). After (4) days, the same measurements were performed using (lactate effort). The researchers used the following statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, T-test for two related samples, T-test for two independent samples).

The effect of comparative and group competition methods using multimedia to developing the performance of the preparation and pressing skills in tennis and football

2024-11-20T10:10:53+03:00

The research aims to know the effect of comparative and group competition methods using multimedia in developing the performance of some basic skills for young people in tennis and football. Knowing the best competitive method using multimedia to develop the performance of some basic skills for young people in tennis and football. As for the research hypotheses, there is a significant effect of the comparative and group competition methods using multimedia in developing the performance of some basic skills for young people in tennis and football. There are significant differences between the comparative and group competition methods in developing the performance of some basic skills for young people in tennis and football, in favor of the group method. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature and problem of the research. Accordingly, the researchers used the design for two experimental groups with a pre-test and a post-test. The research sample included (18) players divided into two equal groups. After completing the main experiment and tests, the SPSS program was used to process statistical data to reach the results. Colored flex for motor sequences of skills, live model display) in developing other basic skills.

The effect of lactic metcon training to developing the special endurance and defensive follow-up capabilities of young basketball players

2024-11-20T10:13:09+03:00

The problem of the research was embodied in the presence of a weakness in personal endurance capabilities as a result of the lack of use of appropriate training methods in developing these capabilities, as raising the training level of any player cannot be improved, whether physical, skillful, or tactical, without following modern training techniques that suit the energy systems according to the specificity of the game. To develop and master defensive or offensive skills using purposeful, complex physical skill exercises characterized by high intensity and little rest, combining endurance, strength, and speed according to the specificity of the game, using methods that simulate the motor path of skills according to competitive playing conditions. Given this great importance of training methods aimed at developing personal endurance and their great role in developing defensive follow-up and deciding the result of the match, the researcher decided to delve into this study by applying a training method represented by (lactic metcon exercises) to give an accurate and clear approach to those concerned with sports to raise the level of These capabilities because its development helps in reaching the high level by improving the special endurance capabilities in the defensive follow-up performance that is required to be performed while playing for young basketball players. The research aims to prepare lactic metcon exercises to develop the special endurance and defensive follow-up of young basketball players. And identifying the effect of lactic metcon training on developing the endurance and defensive follow-up of young basketball players.

The effect of exercises according to intensity zones on the maximum strength of young strength athletes

2024-11-20T10:15:26+03:00

Physical strength sports are one of the modern individual events that depend primarily on maximum muscular strength, without which the athlete becomes unable to perform any movement or skill. Physical strength athletes compete with each other in various competitions to demonstrate their physical fitness and performance capabilities. They strive to lift the maximum possible weight with the maximum force within the time specified for each successful lift of the three physical strength lifts, thus reaching the highest level of achievement. One of the most important requirements that help to reach the highest levels is the use of modern training methods that work to develop physical qualities. One of the most important of these training methods is training within tension zones. The researchers adopted the experimental method of intentionally selected equal experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests in order to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample included young physical strength players. The research sample was chosen from the players of (Diyala Sports Club) and (Martyr Arkan Club), consisting of (20) quartet, of whom (4) were excluded after conducting exploratory experiments, as each group contained (8). Players, and after conducting tests and obtaining and interpreting the results, the researchers concluded that the exercises used had a significant positive impact on the research sample through the noticeable development of maximum strength.

Mental training and its impact to learning the skill of passing and Shooting for young football players

2024-11-20T10:17:56+03:00

The research aims to identify the use of mental training and its impact on motor performance in learning the skill of passing and shooting for young football players. The researcher used the experimental approach with an experimental design for equal groups with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the research. We specify the research group for the emerging football players of Al-Qasim Sports Club for the sports season (2023-2024), who number (28) players. It was then selected as a study sample using a comprehensive inventory method with a percentage of (100%) of the research community in two group sites (experimental and control) and each group had 14 players. The research came out with a set of conclusions that the mental training community is one of the modern, influential and popular curricula among the sample due to the use of the process of visualization and mental thinking. Secondly, The use of this type of training in educational processes contributed to the development of motor paths among members of the experimental sample. Increasing the ability to sense muscles and sense sensory-motor responses, meaning controlling muscle contraction and relaxation directly, and this in turn leads to the player having a sense of movement.

The effect of educational units using electronic means to learning the skills of dribbling and shooting in futsal

2024-11-20T10:20:15+03:00

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units using electronic means to learn the skills of dribbling and shooting in futsal, and to identify the effect of educational units using electronic means to learn the skills of dribbling and scoring in futsal. The two researchers used the experimental approach with the experimental and control groups. The research population was chosen in a deliberate manner, which are the female students of the third stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year 2023/2024, divided into two sections (F and G), numbering (65) students. The research sample was chosen by lottery, section (F) to represent the experimental group, and section ( g) The control group was represented by (30) female students for each group after excluding the members of the exploratory experiment, the female students who failed in the previous academic year, and the female college team players, who numbered (2) female players. The researchers concluded that the educational units using electronic means had a positive impact on learning the skills of dribbling and shooting in futsal for female students. The members of the experimental group that used the educational units using electronic means outperformed the control group in the post-test and to raise the level of the educational process through the use of modern technologies. The two researchers recommend the need to pay attention to the educational process through the use of modern technologies in the education process, a procedure through the application of educational units using e-learning to learn other skills in futsal for female students.

The relationship of focusing attention on performing some basic swimming skills among participants in the Sport Center swimming pool in Kalar district

2024-11-20T11:07:55+03:00

The importance of research in raising the level of learning to swim for beginners becomes clear to us after clarifying the performance requirements and the mental processes that swimming skills require, especially concentration in applying each skill, as knowing the relationship between concentration and skills will help the teacher and coach to enhance them through training and education for the purpose of raising the level of learning. The problem of knowing the relationship between concentration of attention and basic skills in swimming will save us time in speeding up learning, as it will help the teacher by developing appropriate educational exercises that increase concentration, especially when linking concentration of attention to skills. The objectives of the research were to identify concentration of attention and some basic swimming skills among participants in the Sport Center swimming pool in Kalar district. As well as identifying the correlation between focus of attention and some basic swimming skills among participants in the Sport Center swimming pool in Kalar district.

The effect of special exercises to developing some functional indicators for female national football team players

2024-11-20T12:17:03+03:00

The world has witnessed many changes in various sports, whether in team or individual sports, as a result of continuous efforts towards a more in-depth understanding of what is included in the foundations, rules and concept of sports training in order to raise the level of the training situation to reach the highest levels through research and constant knowledge of everything. It is new. To add new, undiscovered information by following modern, organized scientific means and methods. The importance of this game: Azan. Football is still the first popular game in Iraq and in the whole world. This game has brought to millions of people astonishment and astonishment at what women have achieved in a major development in the Arab and European worlds that has enabled The world went beyond the traditional framework and was able to create women's teams that possess all the physical qualities, including the special physical qualities in playing this game. The differentiated training method is one of the modern training methods that is relied upon to develop muscle strength in particular, as the philosophy of this method lies in the variation and difference in the pace of training between high and low in different forms. Hence the importance of research in working on the use of special exercises and a differentiated training method based on studied scientific foundations to develop the special functional indicators of the female national football team players, as well as linking the training process with all its aspects to the functional aspect according to standards prepared according to the functional indicators under study that characterize the player in order to Achieving the goal of the training process and overcoming the weakness in these qualities in order to serve the development of this game in the future.

The reality of administrative bias in sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2024-11-20T12:20:06+03:00

The problem of the research lies in the presence of a weakness in the bio-kinetic The importance of the research is to study the reality of administrative bias in clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq by applying the administrative bias scale questionnaire to the general bodies of sports clubs in the region and identifying their administrative bias. The research aimed to identify the level of administrative bias from the point of view of the general bodies of sports clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. As well as preparing a questionnaire to measure administrative bias in sports clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from the point of view of their public bodies. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method in order to suit the nature and problem of the study. The population and sample consisted of the general bodies of the clubs of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and they were selected randomly. After that, the Administrative Bias Questionnaire scale consisting of (30) statements was prepared and applied, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used. (Amos and the (Statistical Assistant) program. The researchers concluded to prepare a questionnaire to measure administrative bias, and the results also indicated that club administrations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq have a high degree of administrative bias for all aspects of the questionnaire. One of the most important recommendations is the adoption of the Administrative Bias Scale Questionnaire due to its effectiveness in measuring what it was designed for and it can be applied to other sports institutions, as well as emphasizing sports clubs’ commitment to administrative transparency and fairness in all sports club policies.

The effectiveness of some educational formations in acquiring the basic skills of freestyle swimming among students of the Department of Physical Education at Garmian University

2024-11-20T12:41:08+03:00

The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of aquatic educational formations on learning and acquiring the basic skills of freestyle swimming among a sample of beginning students from the Department of Physical Education - College of Basic Education - Garmian University. The research community represented the students of the fourth stage for the academic year (2023-2024), who numbered (48) students. The research sample was chosen randomly and consisted of (24) students. Thus, the percentage of the sample reached (50.00%), excluding the failed and practicing students and the exploratory experiment sample. Based on the characteristics of the sample and relying on pre-tests, they were divided into two equal and equal groups (control = 12 students) using the established method and (experimental = 12 students) using the proposed educational curriculum. After implementing the educational program and conducting pre- and post-tests of the skills to be learned, the data was transcribed and the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to process and analyze the research results. The researcher concluded the educational curriculum using the prepared water formations that led to the acquisition of the basic skills of free swimming. The effectiveness of educational formations in learning and acquiring the technical performance of free swimming among members of the experimental group.